Tampons, a popular menstrual product since the 1930s, are renowned for their convenience and comfort. However, recent research from Columbia University suggests they may harbor a troubling risk: exposure to toxic metals such as arsenic, lead, and cadmium.
Jenni Shearston, PhD, MPH, lead researcher and postdoctoral scholar in environmental science at the University of California, Berkeley, highlighted the significance of the findings. “Given that heavy metals are known to be present in cotton, a key component of many tampons, this issue warranted investigation,” Shearston told Health. The study, which appears in Environmental International, marks the first attempt to measure metal concentrations in tampons.
Exposure to lead can lead to severe health problems including hypertension, neurological damage, and reproductive issues. Arsenic, recognized as a carcinogen, is linked to increased risks of cancers affecting the bladder, lungs, and digestive tract.
With 52 to 86 percent of menstruators in the U.S. using tampons, these revelations about toxic metals are understandably alarming. Here’s a summary of the study’s key findings and their implications.
Findings of the Study
Researchers analyzed 30 tampon samples from 14 brands, evaluating the presence of 16 metals including arsenic, mercury, nickel, lead, and zinc. The study, which tested both organic and non-organic tampons, revealed that 12 of the 16 metals were present in all tested products, with the remaining four found in at least one sample.
The study did not specify the brands but included popular products and store brands from major U.S. retailers. Both organic and non-organic tampons were examined, finding that while non-organic tampons had higher lead levels, organic tampons contained more arsenic. The study observed no significant differences in metal concentrations between tampons with plastic or cardboard applicators, though variability was noted among products from different regions and brands.
Shearston expressed concern over the universal presence of lead, which is known to be harmful even in small amounts. “The fact that lead was found in every sample is particularly troubling,” she remarked.
Sources of Metal Contamination
The study did not investigate the sources of metal contamination, but the authors speculated that metals might enter tampons through environmental sources like water, soil, or air during production. Some metals, like zinc and copper, are intentionally added for their antimicrobial properties, but the concentrations found in tampons were within safe limits.
Health Implications
At this stage, the health risks associated with these metal levels remain unclear. Shearston noted that it is unknown whether the metals can leach from tampons and enter the body. Given the vagina’s high permeability, there’s potential for absorption, though further research is needed.
Plans are underway to explore whether these metals can migrate from tampons into the body. “Investigating this is a top priority for our lab,” Shearston confirmed.
Should You Stop Using Tampons?
Current findings are not conclusive enough to warrant a change in tampon usage, according to Dr. Ashanda Saint Jean, an OB-GYN. She advises against panic until more research is available. Additionally, alternative menstrual products such as period underwear and pads have their own concerns, with some containing “forever chemicals” or posing different health risks.
Implications for Menstrual Product Regulation
The study underscores a significant oversight in the regulation of menstrual products. Although the FDA classifies tampons as medical devices and mandates they be free from pesticide residues and dioxin, there is no requirement for testing for other chemical contaminants. “The oversight of menstrual products has been notably lacking,” noted Miller Morris, founder of Comma.
As consumer awareness grows, there is increasing demand for safer and more thoroughly tested menstrual products. Morris expressed hope that this study will spark a reevaluation of period care standards. “The response to this article indicates a strong public interest in ensuring the safety of menstrual products,” she said.
In summary, while this study raises important questions about the safety of tampons, more research is needed to fully understand the potential health risks and guide future regulatory changes.
