The Tesla Model S, since its inception in 2012, has set the benchmark for electric vehicles (EVs) with its combination of performance, range, and luxury. As the years have progressed, the Model S has seen significant improvements in technology, battery life, and features. For those considering buying a used Tesla Model S, the array of options can be overwhelming. This guide aims to help prospective buyers make an informed decision by highlighting key factors and recommending the best models to consider.
Understanding the Evolution of the Tesla Model S
Early Models (2012-2015)
The initial versions of the Model S, produced between 2012 and 2015, introduced the world to the potential of electric cars. These models featured:
- Battery Options: 60 kWh, 70 kWh, 85 kWh, and P85D.
- Range: Between 200 and 270 miles on a single charge, depending on the battery.
- Performance: Acceleration from 0 to 60 mph in as little as 3.2 seconds for the P85D.
While these early models are more affordable, they lack some of the advanced features found in later versions, such as Autopilot and more efficient batteries.
The Refresh (2016-2018)
In 2016, Tesla introduced a refreshed version of the Model S, featuring:
- Facelift: A new front fascia, improved LED headlights, and updated interior materials.
- Battery Options: 75 kWh, 90 kWh, 100 kWh (P100D).
- Autopilot: Enhanced Autopilot hardware (2.0) became standard.
- Performance: The P100D could accelerate from 0 to 60 mph in 2.5 seconds, making it one of the fastest production cars in the world.
These models represent a balance between price and performance, offering advanced features and a modern design without the higher price tag of newer versions.
The Modern Era (2019-Present)
Post-2019, Tesla continued to refine the Model S with:
- Raven Update: Introduced in 2019, offering improved suspension and more efficient motors.
- Battery and Range: Long Range Plus versions with over 370 miles of range.
- Performance: The Model S Plaid, released in 2021, can accelerate from 0 to 60 mph in under 2 seconds.
These models come with the latest technology, including the full suite of Autopilot and Full Self-Driving (FSD) capabilities, but they are also the most expensive on the used market.
Key Factors to Consider When Buying a Used Tesla Model S
Battery Life and Degradation
Battery health is crucial in determining the value and usability of a used EV. Tesla’s batteries are known for their longevity, but they do degrade over time. When evaluating a used Model S:
- Check Battery Degradation: Request a battery health report from Tesla or use third-party diagnostic tools.
- Warranty: Tesla offers an 8-year battery and drive unit warranty, which can provide peace of mind if the vehicle is still under warranty.
Autopilot and Full Self-Driving (FSD)
Tesla’s Autopilot and FSD capabilities have evolved significantly:
- Autopilot 1.0: Introduced in late 2014, includes basic driver assistance features.
- Enhanced Autopilot (2.0 and 2.5): Added more advanced features such as Navigate on Autopilot, Summon, and Auto Lane Change.
- Full Self-Driving: Requires the latest hardware (HW3.0), which is available in models from mid-2019 onwards.
Choosing a model with the desired level of Autopilot/FSD features is important as retrofitting older models can be costly.
Performance and Range
Performance and range have always been the hallmark of the Model S. Key considerations include:
- Performance Models: The P85D, P90D, P100D, and Plaid versions offer unparalleled acceleration.
- Range: Later models, especially those with the 100 kWh battery, offer the longest range, making them suitable for long-distance driving.
Price and Depreciation
Tesla vehicles tend to hold their value better than many other cars, but there is still a notable depreciation:
- Early Models: Generally the most affordable but lack modern features and have higher battery degradation.
- Mid-Range Models (2016-2018): Offer a good balance of features, performance, and price.
- Latest Models (2019-Present): Most expensive but come with the latest technology and minimal depreciation.
Recommended Used Tesla Model S Models
2016-2018 Tesla Model S 90D/100D
Why Consider It:
- Balance of Price and Performance: These models offer a significant improvement in range and performance over the earlier versions.
- Autopilot 2.0/2.5: Enhanced Autopilot features provide a semi-autonomous driving experience.
- Battery: The 90 kWh and 100 kWh batteries offer ranges of 294 and 335 miles, respectively, which is sufficient for most users.
Considerations:
- Depreciation: These models have seen enough depreciation to be affordable yet still offer modern features.
- Battery Warranty: Many will still be under Tesla’s 8-year battery warranty, offering added peace of mind.
2019 Tesla Model S Long Range
Why Consider It:
- Raven Update: Improved suspension and more efficient motors enhance the driving experience.
- Range: With a range of over 370 miles, it offers one of the longest ranges available.
- Autopilot Hardware 3.0: Ready for Full Self-Driving capabilities, providing future-proofing for advancing technology.
Considerations:
- Higher Price: As a newer model, it will be more expensive than 2016-2018 models but offers significant advancements in technology and efficiency.
2017-2018 Tesla Model S P100D
Why Consider It:
- Performance: Known for its Ludicrous Mode, the P100D offers one of the fastest acceleration times available in any production car.
- Range: The 100 kWh battery offers a range of about 315 miles.
- Autopilot 2.0/2.5: Comes with advanced driver assistance features.
Considerations:
- Price: Although it has depreciated, it remains on the higher end of the used market due to its performance capabilities.
- Battery Warranty: Like other models from this period, it often still benefits from Tesla’s battery warranty.
See Also CHOOSING THE RIGHT TESLA WALL CHARGER
Final Thoughts
Buying a used Tesla Model S can be a smart investment, offering a blend of luxury, performance, and cutting-edge technology. When choosing the best model, consider your priorities in terms of range, performance, technology, and budget. Models from 2016-2018, particularly the 90D, 100D, and P100D, offer a great balance of these factors. For those seeking the latest technology and maximum range, the 2019 Long Range model is an excellent choice.
As the EV market continues to evolve, Tesla remains at the forefront, ensuring that even their older models provide a compelling alternative to new electric vehicles. By carefully evaluating the options and considering the factors outlined in this guide, you can find a used Tesla Model S that meets your needs and provides an exceptional driving experience for years to come.
