New research suggests that measuring arm fat could be a useful indicator for assessing spinal fracture risk in individuals aged 50 and older. The study, presented at the European Congress of Endocrinology in May in Stockholm, is the first of its kind to establish a connection between arm body composition, specifically fat levels, and the quality and strength of spinal bones.
Dr. Eva Kassi, the study’s senior author and a professor at the National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, emphasized that these findings could enhance the identification of high-risk individuals and empower them to manage their body fat levels effectively. She noted, “The subcutaneous fat in the arms, which can be easily assessed using a simple skin-fold calliper method, may serve as an important indicator of spinal bone quality and fracture risk.”
The study included 115 participants, consisting of 14 men and 101 women, with an average age of 62, all of whom were free from osteoporosis. Researchers measured the participants’ body fat and assessed spinal bone quality. Standard imaging techniques, including dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA), provided bone mineral density (BMD) scores, while trabecular bone scores (TBS) further evaluated bone quality independently.
Results revealed that individuals with higher levels of excess fat—irrespective of their body mass index (BMI)—exhibited reduced bone quality in their spines. This correlation was particularly notable for both visceral fat, which surrounds internal organs, and arm fat.
The researchers were surprised to uncover this link between arm fat and spinal strength. Dr. Kassi remarked, “For the first time, we have found that the composition of arm fat is negatively associated with vertebral bone quality and strength.”
Historically, the relationship between obesity and fractures has been complicated. While some medical professionals previously believed that excess weight could offer some protection to spinal health—arguing that fat assists in load-bearing—this new research challenges that premise.
Dr. Kassi explained that visceral fat is biologically more active and contributes to a state of low-grade inflammation, which may adversely affect bone quality. Other studies have suggested that factors released from fat and muscles could influence the development of osteoporosis.
While weight loss could benefit bone health, Dr. James S. Harrop, a professor at Thomas Jefferson University, warned that it is not a guaranteed safeguard against osteoporosis due to the influence of genetic factors.
Looking ahead, Dr. Kassi noted the necessity for additional research to solidify the findings, including expanding participant diversity and numbers. She urged that until more is known, maintaining strong bones can be achieved through a balanced diet rich in calcium and vitamin D, combined with regular weight-bearing exercises like walking. Regular screenings for bone density are also recommended to ensure optimal bone health.
