Pravin Gordhan, the former South African finance minister who passed away at the age of 75 after a battle with cancer, was a distinguished figure in the anti-apartheid movement and a pivotal player in South Africa’s post-apartheid economic landscape. His reputation for fiscal responsibility and a staunch anti-corruption stance positioned him in direct opposition to former President Jacob Zuma, marking a significant chapter in the nation’s political history.
Early Life and Anti-Apartheid Activism
Born on April 12, 1949, in Durban, Pravin Jamnadas Gordhan was the youngest of four children. His parents, Jammabad and Rumba Gordhan, emigrated from Rajkot, Gujarat, India, in the 1920s. Growing up in a politically charged environment, Gordhan qualified as a pharmacist at the University of Durban-Westville, a historically Indian institution established during apartheid. His academic journey coincided with his growing involvement in the anti-apartheid movement, joining the Natal Indian Congress and later the African National Congress (ANC) and the South African Communist Party.
Gordhan’s activism led to his dismissal from King Edward VIII Hospital in 1981, following his arrest and subsequent 160-day solitary confinement. Despite facing multiple detentions for his resistance efforts, he emerged as a key figure in the negotiations that paved the way for South Africa’s first democratic elections in 1994.
A Decade of Fiscal Leadership
Following his election as a member of parliament, Gordhan played a crucial role in establishing the new constitutional framework of South Africa, serving as chair of the parliamentary committee responsible for the 1996 constitution. His notable tenure began in 1999 when he became the Commissioner of the South African Revenue Service (Sars). Under his leadership, Sars underwent a significant transformation, tripling tax revenues from 185 billion rand in 1999 to 558 billion rand by 2009. His international stature grew as he chaired the World Customs Organisation from 2000 to 2006.
In May 2009, Gordhan succeeded Trevor Manuel as finance minister under President Zuma’s first cabinet. Despite his Communist Party affiliation, he garnered respect from international investors and institutions like the International Monetary Fund (IMF) for his pragmatic approach, aligning with pro-business policies while funding critical infrastructure projects.
Conflict with Zuma and ‘State Capture’ Allegations
Gordhan’s integrity and commitment to combating corruption frequently placed him at odds with Zuma, particularly concerning allegations of undue influence from the Gupta family over government operations. In a resolute stand against corruption, he famously rejected their offers, asserting that the “country’s soul is not for sale.” His principled stance drew widespread public support, but it also made him a target within Zuma’s administration.
His abrupt dismissal in March 2017, along with eight other ministers, was attributed to a controversial intelligence report alleging his involvement in undermining the economy—a claim he vehemently denied. This political maneuvering was perceived as an attempt by Zuma to consolidate his power amidst growing concerns over state capture.
Following his ousting, Gordhan’s removal triggered a sharp decline in the value of the rand, sparking significant unrest and protests against Zuma’s government. The political landscape shifted dramatically when Zuma was eventually removed from office in 2018, with the Gupta brothers fleeing to Dubai amid mounting legal issues.
Later Years and Legacy
After Zuma’s exit, Gordhan returned to public service under President Cyril Ramaphosa as Minister of Public Enterprises and later in Cooperative Governance. However, his career was marred by renewed allegations regarding his involvement in Sars, which he successfully challenged in court.
Gordhan officially retired from politics in June 2024, leaving behind a legacy defined by his unwavering commitment to fiscal prudence and integrity in governance. He is survived by his wife, Vanitha, and their two daughters. His contributions to South Africa’s economic policies and the fight against corruption will be remembered as pivotal to the nation’s ongoing journey toward stability and growth.
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